1）Describe: from the layout of the paintings, what are the obvious differences between Chinese and Western paintings?
2）Argue: Some western scholars argue, based on the apparent formal differences between Chinese and Western landscape paintings, first that the Chinese have the idea of“heaven and man merging into one”( tian ren heyi 天人合一), man is not separated from nature and Chinese landscape thus represents pure nature with no human figures in the center"; second, "Western landscape tends to be more realistic than its Chinese counterpart". How do you agree with these two points? Do they seem reasonable to you? What do they see? What do they overlook?
Aesthetic: Chinese focuses on "artistic conception and spirit"; Western on "realistic reproduction"Technique: Chinese uses scattered perspective and ink-wash; Western uses linear perspective and vivid colors.Content: Chinese has figures/poems/seals; Western centers on nature alone.
China's paintings are well constructed with simple but harmonizing colours in a flat dimension, while the Western one's illustrated has a focus perspective on its form with a real colour.
Chinese landscape paintings are based on "freehand brushwork" and focus on expressing the painter's state of mind. Early Western landscape paintings are based on "realism", emphasizing perspective, light and shadow, and the restoration of details, often serving as the background of figure paintings.
Traditional Chinese painting, mainly landscape, emphasizes expression of the artist's inner vision, while Western landscape painting focuses on realistic representation of the actual scene.
Chinese paintings leave more empty space and show scenes from different angles. Western paintings fill the whole space and show scenes from one fixed viewpoint, like a photo.
Chinese landscapes do reflect harmony with nature, but they often include small human figures. Both traditions have realistic elements, but express reality differently. Western scholars see formal differences but overlook cultural contexts, artistic intentions.
Chinese traditional painting pay more attention to spiritual resonance through symbols of nature, while western painting pay more attention to reality.
Western painting pays more attention to realism and detailed depiction, while Chinese painting focuses more on freehand expression and the portrayal of implied meanings.
Chinese painting employs scattered perspective, liubai (negative space), and human-nature harmony; Western art emphasizes focal perspective, full composition, and human centrality.
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