The relationship between "Ren" and "Li" in Confucian philosophy is that "ren," which refers to benevolence or kindness, is considered the fundamental virtue, while "li," which involves rituals and propriety, serves as a means to express and cultivate ren. Li provides the social structures and guidelines through which ren is manifested in daily life.
Moral:Morals refer to an individual's own principles regarding right and wrong. They are personal beliefs that guide one's actions and decisions based on their sense of what is good or bad.
Ethics:are more systemic and often refer to rules provided by an external source.Ethics are a set of standards that a community, profession, or society upholds to guide behavior.
Ren is the internal basis of Li, li is the external expression of ren, the two complement each other, together constitute the core content of Confucianism
In Confucianism, "Ren" and "Li" are closely intertwined. "Ren" represents benevolence, kindness, and the essence of humaneness, which is the core of moral values. "Li" refers to rites, etiquettes, and social norms. "Ren" is the inner spirit and moral foundation, while "Li" is the external manifestation and code of conduct. "Li" is used to express and practice "Ren" in daily life and social interactions. It provides a set of proper behaviors and procedures that enable people to embody "Ren" in different situations. In short, "Ren" gives meaning and value to "Li", and "Li" serves as the means to actualize "Ren", together they shape the moral and social order in Confucian thought.
The relationship between benevolence and propriety is close and complementary. Benevolence, as the inner moral emotion, is the motive source of behavior. Rites are the external norms of behavior and the concrete expression of benevolence. They depend on each other and jointly promote the moral progress and harmonious development of individuals and society. In Confucianism, the unity of benevolence and propriety embodies the ideal moral personality and perfect social order.